Análisis de las carteras de inversión mediante el uso de rendimientos ajustados por riesgo Agosto 2002 – Julio 2003

Universidad de Costa Rica. Posgrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Maestría Profesional en Administración y Dirección de Empresas con énfasis en FinanzasSe propone analizar las carteras de inversión de Aldesa Sociedad de Fondos de Inversión por medio del desarrollo de una metodología de evaluación que permita la aplicación de indicadores de rendimientos ajustados por riesgo, para estimar las causas que puedan influir en las variaciones de los rendimientos obtenidos, de manera que se llegue a establecer una política de gestión del riesgo en beneficio de la administración de las carteras de inversión. El análisis se hizo por medio de soluciones teóricas. Los datos obtenidos por medio de la Superintendencia General de Valores y la empresa, se determinaron varios valores como el rendimiento de los diversos fondos, la desviación estándar y el beta de los mismos, que fueron los insumos de la investigación, con estos datos se pudo determinar los índices de Sharpe y Treynor, que son rendimientos ajustados por riesgo, presentando resultados diversos para la empresa analizada y la competencia. Los indicadores de Sharpe y Treynor, permiten analizar los rendimientos de los fondos de inversión, pero con la diferencia que toma en cuenta el factor riesgo, se analizó los fondos de inversión de ingreso dólares, debido a que son los que presentan un mayor crecimiento dentro de las diferentes clases de fondos. Se analizó además de Aldesa los fondos de ingreso dólares del Banco de Costa Rica, los del Banco Interfín, y Multipropósito Record, para así determinar cual ha sido el desempeño del Fondo de Inversión Renta Trimestral Dólares de Aldesa S.A.F.I. Los resultados obtenidos por medio de estos índices da como resultado para el fondo de Aldesa en particular, un comportamiento irregular, donde no se presenta una tendencia clara, es importante destacar que aunque en ciertos meses el rendimiento de Aldesa fue el más alto en comparación con la competencia, el resultado de los indicadores no es el mejor, debido a que presentan un riesgo muy grande, calculado este por medio de la desviación estándar de los rendimientos y del beta de mercado.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Ciencias Sociales::Maestría Profesional en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Nutritional Impact and Eating Pattern Changes in Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders after Health Education Program on Symbiotic Dietary Modulation Offered by Specialised Psychiatric Nursing–Two-Arm Randomised Clinical Trial

Background: The traditional therapeutic approach has perceived the role of nutrition as a minor intervention in psychiatry. The microbiota–gut–brain axis theory evidences the influence of dietary and nutritional patterns on mental health. Aims: To evidence the impact of dietary advice on increasing symbiotic intake on nutritional status and dietary habits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods: Randomised clinical trial (two-arm, double-blind, balanced-block, six-month intervention) in 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The control group received conventional dietary advice on an individual basis. A personal nutritional education programme was established in the intervention group (IG) to increase prebiotic and probiotic intake through dietary advice (dairy and fermented foods, green leafy vegetables, high-fibre fruit, whole grains, etc.). Data on nutritional status and dietary habits were collected (baseline and six months). The degree of dietary adherence to the recommended patterns was recorded weekly. Anthropometric parameters were also analysed monthly. Results: Finally, 44 subjects completed the follow-up. All participants exceeded the dietary reference intakes. The overall and intra-group analysis showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in macro and micronutrient intakes with a closer approximation to the recommended dietary intakes, except for polyunsaturated fatty acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and dietary fibre. After six months of intervention, statistical differences (p < 0.001) were found in all variables of the anthropometric profile in the IG, as well as an increase in the consumption of foods with a high symbiotic content (at baseline and six months). Likewise, a reduction in eggs, meat, fish, sugars and ultra-processed foods was evident, leading to significant intra-group differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Implementing conventional nutritional education strategies and specific nutritional advice with a symbiotic effect improves the dietary-nutritional profile in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, it highlights the nutritional impact on mental health, stating itself as adjuvant therapy for physical health and lifestyle improvement

Guía para la optimización de procesos de potabilización de agua para uso y consumo doméstico, dirigido a entes operadores en el país

La gestión del recurso hídrico en nuestro país se da en gran parte a través de las Asociaciones Administradoras de los Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, mejor conocidas como ASADAs. Existen más de 1 400 ASADAs en el país, las cuales abastecen a un 25,5 % de la población, equivalente a 1 125 200 personas, posicionándolas como el segundo ente operador del país; sin embargo, es responsabilidad del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) ejercer una acción de rectoría técnica eficiente y eficaz (AyA, 2016). Las ASADAs en el país, trabajan bajo un esquema de delegación de la administración, acordado con el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, esto mediante un Convenio de Delegación de Administración, con el cual se centran en administrar los sistemas de acueducto y alcantarillado comunales. Estas organizaciones se conforman por vecinas y vecinos de las comunidades, con el fin de hacer valer el derecho fundamental del acceso al agua potable, ligado estrechamente con la salud pública y la vida, presentes en la Constitución Política de Costa Rica; es por esto que la labor de estas organizaciones de realizar la gestión integrada del recurso hídrico y gobernanza del agua en nuestro país es fundamental. El presente documento nace de la experiencia obtenida durante la evaluación de 20 sistemas de potabilización administrados en su mayoría por ASADAS en la provincia de Cartago y en la región Pacífico Central en los años 2018 y 2019. En dicho estudio se evaluó la calidad del agua cruda, los sistemas de tratamiento y/o desinfección y el sistema de distribución. Además, en 10 de los sistemas se aplicó la herramienta SERSA recomendada por el Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica (MINSALUD). Dicha herramienta le permite a las ASADAs realizar el plan operativo del acueducto con el fin de establecer los riesgos de los componentes del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable de su respectiva comunidad. (MINSALUD - MINAE, 2015) y (MINSALUD, 2019). Con base en la experiencia adquirida, en la presente guía se pretende dar recomendaciones generales, con el fin de aportar ideas a los administradores de acueductos en la planificación y ejecuciones de acciones, que conlleven a que los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua sean cada día, más sostenibles y la calidad del agua producida sea segura y pueda cumplir con los siguientes factores: Cobertura, Calidad, Continuidad, Costo y Cultura hídrica – (CCCCC).Universidad de Costa Rica/[742-B8-651]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA

Metastatic Tissue Proteomic Profiling Predicts 5-Year Outcomes in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the developed countries, and nearly 70% of patients with CRC develop colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). During the last decades, several scores have been proposed to predict recurrence after CRLM resection. However, these risk scoring systems do not accurately reflect the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, this investigation was designed to identify a proteomic profile in human hepatic tumor samples to classify patients with CRLM as 'mild' or 'severe' based on the 5-year survival. The study was performed on 85 CRLM tumor samples. Firstly, to evaluate any distinct tumor proteomic signatures between mild and severe CRLM patients, a training group of 57 CRLM tumor samples was characterized by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was subsequently performed. Finally, 28 CRLM tumor samples were used to confirm and validate the results obtained. Based on all the protein peaks detected in the training group, the CART analysis was generated, and four peaks were considered to be the most relevant to construct a diagnostic algorithm. Indeed, the multivariate model yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 86.1%, respectively. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an excellent diagnostic accuracy to discriminate mild from severe CRLM patients (area under the ROC: 0.903). Finally, the validation process yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 68.8% and 83.3%, respectively. We identified a proteomic profile potentially useful to determine the prognosis of CRLM patients based on the 5-year survival

The role of experience, perceived match importance, and anxiety on cortisol response in an official esports competition

The aim of the present study was to analyse the neuroendocrine stress response, psychological anxiety response, and perceived match importance (PMI) between expert and non-expert control gamers in an official competitive context. We analyzed, in 25 expert esports players and 20 control participants, modifications in their somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, PMI, and cortisol in a League of Legends competition. We found how expert esports players presented higher cortisol concentrations (Z = 155.5; p = 0.03; Cohen’s d = −0.66), cognitive anxiety (Z = 99.5; p = 0.001), and PMI (Z = 50.5; p < 0.001) before the competition than non-experts participants. We found a greater statistical weight in the cognitive variables than in the physiological ones. The results obtained suggest that real competitive context and player’s expertise were factors associated with an anticipatory stress response. The PMI proved to be a differentiating variable between both groups, highlighting the necessity to include subjective variables that contrast objective measurements

Continuity of Nursing Care in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and patient continuity of care is essential. Health professionals can help in the transition stage by providing resources to achieve pharmacological treatment adherence, as well as social and emotional support. The objective was to analyse the effects of nursing interventions based on continuity of care in patients with coronary artery disease after hospital discharge. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies was carried out. Cochrane, CINAHL, Health & medical collection, Medline, and Scopus databases were consulted in January 2022. PRISMA guidelines were followed with no time limits. In total, 16 articles were included with a total of 2950 patients. Nurse-led continuity of care programs improved the monitoring and control of the disease. Positive effects were found in the quality of life of patients, and in mental health, self-efficacy, and self-care capacity dimensions. Clinical parameters such as blood pressure and lipid levels decreased. The continuity of care provided by nurses had a positive influence on the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease. Nurse-led care focused on the needs and resources, including continuity of care, plays a key role

Explanatory Models of Burnout Diagnosis Based on Personality Factors and Depression in Managing Nurses

This study forms part of the Doctoral Thesis of the first-named author (Maria Jose Membrive-Jimenez). Funding for this study was provided by the Andalusian Government Excellence Project (P11-HUM-7771).Nurse managers are affected by burnout due to the high degree of interaction between managers with their registered nurses. Explanatory models based on psychological, and personality related variables purvey an estimation to level changes in the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome. A categorical-response logistic ordinal regression model, supported on a quantitative, crosscutting, multicentre, descriptive study with 86 nursing managers in the Andalusian Health Service in Granada, Spain is performed for each dimension. The three models included different variables related to personality, as well as depression as the only explanatory variable included in all the models. The risk factor neuroticism was significant at population level and related to emotional exhaustion, whilst responsibility was significant in the model estimated to personal accomplishment dimension. Finally, depression was significant for the three dimensions of Burnout. This analysis provides useful information to help the diagnosis and evolution of this syndrome in this collective.Andalusian Government Excellence Project P11-HUM-777

Prevalence, levels and related factors of burnout in nurse managers: A multi-centre cross-sectional study

Aims: The aims of this study are to analyse the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome in nurse managers and to evaluate the relationship between burnout and related sociodemographic, occupational and psychological factors. Background: Burnout syndrome, defined as an emotional response to chronic stress, is a major problem among nurse managers. Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design and data collected by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the revised NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression. The sample population consisted of 86 nurse managers from different hospitals from the Public Health Service of Andalusia, Spain. Results: A total of 22.4% of the participants presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, 21% experienced depersonalisation and 57.6% had little sense of personal accomplishment. Working long shifts was related to burnout. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were predicted by depression, while personal accomplishment was predicted by conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness. Conclusions: A total of 34.1% of the participants presented high levels of burnout, manifested by feelings of low personal accomplishment. Psychological and occupational factors play an important role in the development of this syndrome. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers should seek to detect burnout among staff and colleagues matching the risk profile for this condition and promote interventions to prevent it